Electrolyte Analysis
Electrolyte concentrations are measured in Serum, Plasma or Urine. Electrolytes are present in body fluids as cations or anions (positively or negatively charged ions, respectively). Electrolytes maintain many body functions including sustaining osmotic pressure, hydration, proper body acidity and proper function of the heart, kidney and other organs. Some disorders associated with electrolyte imbalance are over-hydration and dehydration, congestive heart failure, respiratory alkalosis and acidosis, gastrointestinal and kidney diseases.
Specifically, the most vital electrolytes are specific indicators as listed below:
Na+: Cardiac Function, Kidney/Renal Function
K+: Cardiac Function, Kidney/Renal Function, Acid-Base Balance
Cl-: Hydration, Osmotic Pressure
Ca++: Kidney/Renal Function, Bone Strength
Lithium and Magnesium testing are not considered critical electrolyte tests, for this reason, both parameters will never be combined with Blood Gas analyzers. Since both are uncommonly requested tests, ISE modules on Chemistry analyzers will not include them.
Electrolytes are measured customarily in Electrode Technology (Ion Selective Electrode “ISE”). In this technology, electrodes that contain membranes or glass calculate results by drawing the ions from the patient sample and comparing it to the ions inside the electrodes. This electrode technology may either be used in its own stand-alone Electrolyte (Stat ISE) analyzer such as Diamond’s Smartlyte® Plus, Carelyte® Plus and Prolyte® or incorporated as a separate testing ISE module, Diamond Unity®, within larger Chemistry analyzers.
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